I went to school in Germany and my memories are the following. History education started in the seventh grade ( second year of High school / Gymnasium).
We went more or less chronologically through everything, starting with the Stone Age, passing ancient Greece, Rome etc. along the way and worked us up till the Middle Ages.
Since german history can´t be reasonably separated from that other european countries our approach could more or less be described as "continental" history, with the only country outside Europe playing a major role beeing the USA. But the most time is usually spent on the history of the twentieth century from the second empire till the European Union and Germanys role in it. The history of the Holocaust lessons normally include visits to concentration camp memorials and if possible interviews with time witnesses. Time witnesses for Germanys second dictatorship are even less difficult to find and together with the history of the EU that falls under "contemporary history". And by that time you are supposed to have been graduated from High School.